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For Healthcare Professionals

Support for good clinical judgement, leading to optimised care and better patient experiences.

Last updated 18 June 2025

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5 Core Principles of AVBC (5Cs)
How you can practise AVBC

5 Core Principles of AVBC (5Cs)

The desired outcomes for AVBC can be described in the five core principles of AVBC, namely:

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  1. Care is evidence-based: Care decisions are based on the best available, scientifically validated data. Standardised care decisions reduce variability in clinical outcomes.

  2. Care is patient-centred; Care is designed with the patient’s treatment goals in mind. Patient-centredness promotes patient activation through access to timely information and/or shared decision-making. 

  3. Care is right-sited: Care is delivered in the most appropriate setting, balancing patient needs and cost-efficiency.

  4. Care is integrated and coordinated: Care is delivered in an organised manner that avoids duplication or overlaps in care.

  5. Care is cost-effective and sustainable: Data is collected and analysed for the objective assessment of cost-effectiveness. Resource management decision-making is primarily guided by the desired value it generates (i.e., desired clinical and cost outcomes.)

How you can practise AVBC

Use Evidence-Based Guidelines

  • Stay updated with the latest clinical guidelines (now ACE Clinical Guidances) and research

  • Utilise the AVBC Design (AVBC-D) Toolkit (coming soon) when developing or evaluating healthcare programmes to ensure alignment with AVBC principles

  • Refer to ACE Technology Guidances and Horizon Scanning reports to inform decision-making on new health technologies

  • Implement and adhere to standardised care pathways where available

  • Consider both clinical-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness when implementing guidelines and care pathways

  • Participate in AVBC-focused research opportunities

    • Consider applying for funding through the MOH Health Innovation (MHI) Fund 2.0 for AVBC-related studies

    • Explore innovative clinical care models, right-siting initiatives, or care transformation projects across the care continuum

  • Contribute to and utilise the AVBC knowledge repository on the Centre for Healthcare Innovation Learning & Development System (CHILD)

Engage in Shared Decision-Making with Patients

  • Explain treatment options and their evidence base in clear, understandable terms

  • Consider patient preferences and values in care plans

Promote Integrated and Coordinated Care

  • Collaborate across disciplines and care settings to ensure seamless patient care

  • Participate actively in multidisciplinary care teams

  • Ensure effective communication and information sharing with other healthcare providers involved in patient care

  • Utilise the National Electronic Health Records (NEHR) and other tools to reduce duplication and enhance care coordination

  • Engage in care transition planning to support patients moving between different care settings

  • Apply the integrated care principles outlined in the AVBC-D Toolkit when designing care pathways or transition processes

  • Collaborate to optimise resource use across the care continuum

Contribute to Value-Driven Care (VDC) Initiatives

  • Participate in the National VDC Programme or institution-based VDC Programmes

  • Use the AVBC-D Toolkit to guide the design and evaluation of VDC Programmes

  • Engage in efforts to reduce unwarranted clinical variations

  • Contribute to data collection for outcome measurements

  • Participate in quality improvement initiatives aligned with AVBC principles

Strengthen Value-Conscious Approaches in Daily Practice

  • Refine decision-making processes to balance clinical outcomes and resource implications

  • Enhance knowledge of cost implications for various diagnostic and treatment options

  • Apply value-based principles when developing or updating care protocols

  • Collaborate with multidisciplinary teams to identify opportunities for improving value in care delivery

Engage in Continuous Improvement

  • Utilise the AVBC-D Toolkit as a reference for self-assessment of your practice against AVBC principles

  • Stay informed about AVBC developments through MOH/PHI newsletters and conferences

  • Share your AVBC success stories and best practices with colleagues and at professional forums